Downdraft Kiln (倒焰窑)

Downdraft kilns (倒焰窑, Dao Yan Yao) are single-chamber kilns with one or two fireboxes on either side of the kiln-chamber and a central bottom chimney originating below the chamber. The bottom chimney causes heat to circulate through the kiln, pulling the rising heat back down into the firing chamber before exiting. The outside firebox is attached to the kiln by a “bag wall”, which protects the wares from direct exposure to the flame and reduces the amount of thrown ash.

Daniel Rhodes. Kilns; Design, Construction, and Operation. 1968. Note: this diagram shows a two-sided firebox; many downdraft kilns in Yixing used a single sided firebox. Note also: the perforated wall seen in this diagram is called a “bag wall”, a temporary or permanent brick wall with purposeful gaps which serve to direct the flame and protect the firing wares from thrown ash.

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